Transport

Kherson region is a transit region with a developed multi-branch transport system, which includes – railroad-, sea-, river-, automobile- and air-transport. It gives an opportunity of an access from Kherson region to any place of Ukraine and other countries. Kherson is on the cross of roads of Rostov-Odessa-Simferopol. Odessa railroad goes through the city, sea and river ports work in an active way. The Kherson airport has air communication with Moscow, Istanbul, Kyiv.
Kherson is an important motor transport centre, which connects the countries of Europe, central and western parts of Ukraine with Crimea, with south parts of Russia, Caucasus and Transcaucasia.
Through the territory of Kherson region two international transport passages go:

• Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC), which forms transport streams of countries of the Middle East and Balkan Peninsula towards Mariupol and Novoazovsk;
• Eurasian transport stream from the countries of Europe through the Black Sea ports towards Crimea, Russia, countries of Transcaucasia and the East.

The main advantage, which forms the transport infrastructure of the city and the region, is a convenient economic-geographical position. It’s the immediate proximity to the sea, the exit to the Azov-Black Sea basin and the Dnipro waterway. Located in the Dnipro delta, Kherson is situated on the crossroad of historical trade ways: the “silk” way from the East to the West; the “from the Varangians to the Greeks” way from the North to the South by waterways. Thorough these cities for ages there was the “Chumaks’ way”, which was used for salt-delivering to the North Ukraine and Russia. That’s why on the historical base our city was predetermined to become an important transport centre on the south of Ukraine.
The city of Kherson and its suburbs are connected by the common net of automobile roads of Ukraine and roads of state and local importance.

International and republican highways Odessa-Kherson-Mykolaiv-Berdyansk-Mariupol- Rostov-on-Don (М23):

• The length - 860 km, on the territory of Kherson region - 350 km
• The road runs through the south of Ukraine, connecting important ports of the Black Sea (Odessa, Mykolaiv) and the Azov Sea (Berdyansk, Mariupol, Tagonrog) and also through Rostov-on-Don, North Caucasus (Krasnodar, Stavropol, Mineralny Vody) and Transcaucasia (Armenia, Georgia)
• The road-width – not less than 9 m
• The covering – asphalt
• The covering quality – satisfactory
• The maximum speed - 90 km/hour
• The utilized capacity – very low
• The customs stations – the city of Novoazovsk
• The gas stations – on the distance less than 100 km
• The hotels are only in the cities.

Automobile roads of local importance
Kherson region has a rather spread net of local roads, whose total length is 5090 km, among which 4980 km – with hard surface. The base of transport system is roads of state importance М-14 Odessa-Melitopol-Novoazovsk and М-24 Kherson-Krasnoperekopsk- Simferopol (in European classification Е-58 and Е-97). The road direction coincides with the future highway of international transport passage of BSEC: Reny-Izmail-Odessa-Mykolaiv-Kherson-Melitopol-Berdyansk-Mariupol-Novoazovsk.

Transport connection of Kherson with other regions is made through:

• Kherson part of Odessa railroad, whose length through the region is 520 km. Through the Kherson rail-station 44 passenger trains and 21 freight trains go every day;
• The Kherson sea trade port, which belongs to the ports of the 1st category, is equipped with 10 freight berths and has 3 boat-yards with 6 berths and also its own fleet. The direction of delivering by the trade fleet – countries of the Mediterranean Sea;
• The Kherson river port SSC “Ukrrechflot", which has 19 berths and makes delivering of freights and passengers in intercity-, cabotage- and international-directions;
• SCC “Airport-Kherson" with an aerostation complex with the capacity of 400 passengers per hour and a runway with capital covering, which allows to operate such kinds of planes as IL-18, АN-24, JK-40, and provides air connections (at the present moment – only chartered flight). There is a sector for international deliveries.

Automobile shipping of passengers are provided by:

• Kherson intercity bus station of the 1st grade with the maximum bus capacity - 135, among which 55 – transit busses;
• The local bus station of the 1st grade with the maximum bus capacity - 187, among which 62 – intercity busses (without counting of route taxes and private busses);
• SCC "Khersonelectrotrans" provides trolleybus-shipping of passengers through the city. The total length of 8 routes - 109,6 km, the length of trolleybus net along city streets - 43,5 km;
• LCC "Khersonkommuntransservis" and several private ferry firms, who by the results of the competition win the right to provide shipping-service and shipping of passengers. The length of bus net through city streets - 89,5 km.

Automobile freight shipping is performed by more than thirty of transport companies and organizations. Their freight turnover in 2007 was 70,2 mil. tons/km. The car-service, whose quantity in the city is more than 68,6 thousand (among them - 49,7 passenger cars), is performed by 13 stations of technical service and 27 gas stations.

Sea and river ports in 2007 processed 6620,5 thousand tons of freight, serviced 931 ships. The only “Sea gates” on the Dnipro are used, besides the sea trade port, by other four freight ferry firms of different forms of ownership: private company “Elena”, closed stock-company „KESCCCO”, private company “Golden gates”. In 2007 freight turnover of sea-shipping was 65,5 mil. tons/km. The Dnipro waterway is used for the freight shipping by four enterprises: daughter company „Kherson river port”, private company „АNК”, company with limited liability „Firm „World line” and closed stock company „USK”. Their freight turnover in 2007 was 88,4 mil. tons/km.

On the territory of the region there are 452,3 кm of railroads, which connect Kherson with Mykolaiv, Zaporizhye and Crimea. The main shipping-streams: petroleum and oil products, nonferrous metal ores, grain products. Kherson directorate of railroad-shipping of Odessa railroad performs about 80% of freight shipping and passenger shipping in 5 directions through Ukraine and near foreign countries, and services 3 suburban routes. Through the Kherson station 24 passenger trains go, among which 9 are formed in Kherson.

The international airport works in the city, which can accept modern planes and service international airlines. The air transport is represented by Kherson state enterprise “Airport-Kherson”. From 1985 in the village of Chornobaivka the modern aerostation complex has functioned, which has all necessities for creating the maximum comfort for clients and set aside for 400 passengers per hour. The length of runway - 2,5 кm. The enterprise has an access to perform international flights. The airport is made to operate such kinds of planes as IL-18, АN-24, TU-134, B-737.

Passenger transport – an integral part of the complicated complex of city economy, which performs the big volume of work of social importance.

Electro transport of the city - 8 trolley bus routes with the total length of 160,7 кm, which are served by 78 trolley busses per day. SCC "Khersonelectrotrans" provides almost 50% of passenger shipping, among which 28 categories of privileged passengers. Electro transport in 2007 shipped 47,5 mil. citizens and city-guests. Everyday passenger shipping is made by 20 enterprises and private firms, which service 50 routes. In the form of route taxes everyday on the city roads 750 busses and micro busses appear.

Summer residents and vacationists along the Dnipro are shipped by daughter company “Kherson river port”, company with limited liability “world line ltd.” and by small ships and boats, which belong to private entrepreneurs. Over 12 thousand citizens work at the city transport enterprises, whose average wage in 2007 was 1534,9 UAH per month that was for 34, 4% more than the city total average wage.

On January, 1, 2008, 68,6 thousands of cars were in ownership of private persons, among which - 49,7 thousands of passenger cars. There are 253 units of car transport for 1000 citizens, among which - 68% of passenger cars.